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[Stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery for triple vessel disease?]
G Sleilaty1, P Achouh, J-N Fabiani
1Service de chirurgie cardiovasculaire, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 20, rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris cedex 15, France.
Insights
For multivessel coronary artery disease, surgery offers better long-term outcomes than percutaneous coronary intervention, reducing angina and repeat procedures. Mortality and heart attack rates are similar between treatments.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Interventional Cardiology
- Cardiac Surgery
Context:
- Multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) requires revascularization.
- Treatment options include angioplasty, stenting (bare metal and drug-eluting), and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Purpose:
- To objectively analyze and compare the efficacy of different myocardial revascularization techniques in multivessel CAD.
- To evaluate short- and long-term outcomes, including angina recurrence, repeat revascularization, mortality, and myocardial infarction.
Summary:
- Randomized trials and registries indicate surgical revascularization has advantages over percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in reducing angina recurrence and the need for repeat procedures.
- Mortality and myocardial infarction rates are comparable between surgical and percutaneous approaches.
- Drug-eluting stents show limited short-term data and have not eliminated repeat revascularization needs, as disease progression occurs at new sites.
Impact:
- Identifies high-risk subgroups (diabetes, renal failure, female gender) for multivessel CAD.
- Highlights the importance of informing patients about the higher risk of repeat revascularization with PCI.
- Suggests surgery may be favored for long-term management in multivessel CAD based on current evidence.
Abstract:
This review was undertaken to objectively analyse the cumulated medical literature on techniques of myocardial revascularization (angioplasty, bare metal stenting, drug eluting stenting, coronary artery surgery) in multivessel coronary artery disease. Randomized trials, meta analyses and registries comparing these treatment modalities show a short and long term advantage of surgery over percutaneous techniques for angina recurrence and need for repeat revascularization, although mortality and myocardial infarction rate do not seem statistically different. Diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure and female gender represent high risk subgroups. Data on drug eluting stents are to date limited to the short term; however, it does not seem that drug eluting stents have resolved the need for repeat revascularization. Stenting addresses focal lesion whereas future revascularization occurs on other coronary sites by progression of coronary disease. Cardiologists should objectively inform the consenting coronary multivessel disease patient on the risk of repeat revascularization inherent to percutaneous techniques and on the weight of actual data favouring surgery in multivessel disease.
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