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Related Concept Videos

Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a uterine...
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
Secretory Phase01:19

Secretory Phase

The secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, spanning from day 14 to 28 in a typical 28-day cycle, is a period of significant physiological changes in the female reproductive system. This phase commences immediately after ovulation and is characterized by the preparation of the endometrium for potential embryo implantation.
Following ovulation, the corpus luteum, a temporary endocrine structure, produces progesterone and estrogens. These hormones stimulate the growth and coiling of endometrial...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
07:20

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity

Published on: December 21, 2012

Menstrual bleeding from an endometriotic lesion.

Richard O Burney1, Ruth B Lathi

  • 1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA. roburney@stanford.edu

Fertility and Sterility
|October 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Red vesicular lesions observed during laparoscopy suggest early endometriosis capable of hormonally induced bleeding. This finding offers insights into the initial presentation of endometriosis during menstruation.

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Mouse Model of Surgically-induced Endometriosis by Auto-transplantation of Uterine Tissue
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Mouse Model of Surgically-induced Endometriosis by Auto-transplantation of Uterine Tissue

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A Syngeneic Murine Model of Endometriosis using Naturally Cycling Mice
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A Syngeneic Murine Model of Endometriosis using Naturally Cycling Mice

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
07:20

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity

Published on: December 21, 2012

Mouse Model of Surgically-induced Endometriosis by Auto-transplantation of Uterine Tissue
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Mouse Model of Surgically-induced Endometriosis by Auto-transplantation of Uterine Tissue

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A Syngeneic Murine Model of Endometriosis using Naturally Cycling Mice
07:12

A Syngeneic Murine Model of Endometriosis using Naturally Cycling Mice

Published on: November 24, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus.
  • The visual characteristics of early-stage endometriosis can be subtle and require careful observation.

Observation:

  • During laparoscopy performed in the menstrual phase, endometriotic lesions were noted to be focally hemorrhagic.
  • These lesions appeared as red, vesicular structures.

Findings:

  • The observed hemorrhagic, red vesicular lesions are hypothesized to represent early-stage endometriosis.
  • The capacity for hormonally induced menstrual bleeding appears intact in these early lesions.

Implications:

  • This observation may aid in the earlier diagnosis of endometriosis.
  • Understanding the initial presentation can inform treatment strategies for early-stage disease.