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Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis
03:59

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Published on: July 8, 2025

Bowel loops and eyelid droops.

Jamie Spiegelman1, David W Cescon, Yael Friedman

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.

CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'Association Medicale Canadienne
|October 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A patient experienced small-bowel obstruction and botulism symptoms. Fecal cultures confirmed Clostridium botulinum, highlighting the need for thorough diagnosis in similar cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Small-bowel obstruction is a common surgical emergency.
  • Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with clinical manifestations of both small-bowel obstruction and botulism.
  • Physical examination revealed signs and symptoms consistent with both conditions.

Findings:

  • Fecal cultures were positive for viable Clostridium botulinum.
  • The patient's presentation underscores a rare concurrence of these two distinct medical conditions.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering botulism in the differential diagnosis of small-bowel obstruction.
  • A comprehensive diagnostic approach is crucial for accurate and timely patient management.