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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
The Central Dogma01:20

The Central Dogma

The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Obtaining High-Quality Transcriptome Data from Cereal Seeds by a Modified Method for Gene Expression Profiling
07:18

Obtaining High-Quality Transcriptome Data from Cereal Seeds by a Modified Method for Gene Expression Profiling

Published on: May 21, 2020

Insights into corn genes derived from large-scale cDNA sequencing.

Nickolai N Alexandrov1, Vyacheslav V Brover, Stanislav Freidin

  • 1Ceres, Inc., 1535 Rancho Conejo Blvd, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA. nalexandrov@ceres-inc.com

Plant Molecular Biology
|October 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzes the Zea mays (corn) transcriptome, revealing distinct gene classes and alternative splicing patterns. Findings suggest a unique evolutionary divergence in grasses possibly linked to horizontal gene transfer.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • The Zea mays (corn) transcriptome is crucial for understanding this major crop species.
  • Previous studies have provided partial transcriptomic data, necessitating a comprehensive analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a large-scale analysis of the Zea mays transcriptome.
  • To gain new insights into gene structures, promoters, and evolutionary divergence in corn.
  • To estimate the number of protein-coding genes in Zea mays.

Main Methods:

  • Sequencing and analysis of 484,032 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and 36,565 complementary DNA (cDNA) clones.
  • Alignment of transcript sequences with available genome sequences.
  • Examination of nucleotide composition, GC content, and intron presence in coding regions.

Main Results:

  • Identified over 31,552 non-redundant cDNA clones, revealing more alternatively spliced isoforms in corn compared to Arabidopsis.
  • Discovered two distinct classes of corn genes based on GC content at the third codon position, with high GC content genes being more specific to Poaceae (grass family) and often intronless.
  • Estimated approximately 50,000 protein-coding genes in Zea mays.

Conclusions:

  • Corn exhibits a unique gene structure and evolutionary divergence, particularly within the Poaceae family.
  • The high GC content gene class may represent genes acquired through horizontal gene transfer, potentially from non-plant organisms.
  • This comprehensive transcriptomic data provides a foundation for future research in corn genetics and evolution.