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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles01:18

Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles

There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen. The...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I01:26

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I

The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with wrinkles or folds known as gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, and a deeper region beneath it. The cerebrum divides into two distinct hemispheres and contains five different lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes and two functionally important gyri — the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
10:23

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Published on: September 8, 2023

[The middle fossa approaches].

C Vincent1

  • 1Service d'otologie et d'otoneurologie, hôpital R. Salengro, rue Emile-Laine, CHRU de Lille, 59037 Lille cedex, France. cvincent@chru-lille.fr

Annales D'Oto-Laryngologie Et De Chirurgie Cervico Faciale : Bulletin De La Societe D'Oto-Laryngologie Des Hopitaux De Paris
|October 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The middle fossa approach offers precise control of the internal auditory canal and surrounding skull base structures. This technique, though challenging, is crucial for complex neurosurgical procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Skull Base Surgery
  • Surgical Anatomy

Context:

  • The middle fossa approach is a complex surgical technique used in skull base surgery.
  • Accurate identification of anatomical landmarks is critical for successful execution.
  • Variations of the approach allow access to different regions of the petrous bone and cerebellopontine angle.

Purpose:

  • To describe the systematization and surgical landmarks for various middle fossa approaches.
  • To highlight the reliability of the superior semicircular canal's blue line for identifying the internal auditory canal.
  • To detail the capabilities of different middle fossa variants in accessing skull base pathologies.

Summary:

  • The middle fossa approach provides extradural access to the internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine angle.
  • Key landmarks, particularly the arcuate eminence and superior canal's blue line, guide surgical dissection.
  • The classical, enlarged, and transpetrosal variants offer distinct advantages for specific anatomical regions, preserving the bony labyrinth.

Impact:

  • Enhances understanding of surgical anatomy for middle fossa procedures.
  • Provides a systematic approach for neurosurgeons performing skull base operations.
  • Facilitates improved patient outcomes through precise and safe surgical access.