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Related Concept Videos

Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Skin Tattooing As A Novel Approach For DNA Vaccine Delivery
06:37

Skin Tattooing As A Novel Approach For DNA Vaccine Delivery

Published on: October 18, 2012

[DNA vaccine].

Hiroyoshi Nishikawa1, Hiroshi Shiku

  • 1Department of Cancer Vaccine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|October 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study enhances DNA vaccines by incorporating helper antigens or co-stimulatory molecules. These modifications improve tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses and tumor rejection, paving the way for new therapeutic vaccines.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Molecular Biology

Context:

  • DNA vaccines represent a promising platform for therapeutic interventions.
  • Clinical trials have advanced some DNA vaccine candidates.
  • Preclinical research focuses on improving DNA vaccine immunogenicity.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate methods for enhancing DNA vaccine efficacy.
  • To investigate the impact of helper antigens and co-stimulatory molecules on vaccine-induced immunity.

Summary:

  • The study explored two strategies to augment DNA vaccine immunogenicity: incorporating helper antigens and co-stimulatory molecules with CTL antigens.
  • Both approaches demonstrated enhanced induction of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells.
  • Significant improvement in in vivo tumor rejection capacity was observed.

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Immunization of Adult Zebrafish for the Preclinical Screening of DNA-based Vaccines

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Protocol for Recombinant RBD-based SARS Vaccines: Protein Preparation, Animal Vaccination and Neutralization Detection
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Protocol for Recombinant RBD-based SARS Vaccines: Protein Preparation, Animal Vaccination and Neutralization Detection

Published on: May 2, 2011

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Skin Tattooing As A Novel Approach For DNA Vaccine Delivery
06:37

Skin Tattooing As A Novel Approach For DNA Vaccine Delivery

Published on: October 18, 2012

Immunization of Adult Zebrafish for the Preclinical Screening of DNA-based Vaccines
05:39

Immunization of Adult Zebrafish for the Preclinical Screening of DNA-based Vaccines

Published on: October 30, 2018

Protocol for Recombinant RBD-based SARS Vaccines: Protein Preparation, Animal Vaccination and Neutralization Detection
12:09

Protocol for Recombinant RBD-based SARS Vaccines: Protein Preparation, Animal Vaccination and Neutralization Detection

Published on: May 2, 2011

Impact:

  • Findings suggest that combining CTL antigens with helper antigens or co-stimulatory molecules can significantly boost anti-tumor immune responses.
  • These advancements offer valuable insights for developing novel therapeutic cancer vaccines.
  • The research contributes to the ongoing effort to optimize DNA vaccine technology for clinical application.