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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.
Phosphodiester Linkages01:01

Phosphodiester Linkages

Overview
Phosphodiester bond forms when a phosphoric acid molecule (H3PO4) links with two hydroxyl groups (–OH) of two other molecules, forming two ester bonds. Two water molecules are released in this process. The phosphodiester bond is commonly found in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and plays a critical role in their structure and function.
Phosphodiester Bonds Link Nucleotides Together
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Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
Polyprotic Acids03:38

Polyprotic Acids

Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...

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Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
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2,3-Diphosphino-1,4-diphosphonium ions.

Yuen-ying Carpenter1, C Adam Dyker, Neil Burford

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4J3, Canada.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized novel chlorophosphinophosphonium salts, leading to the first acyclic diphosphino-diphosphonium ions. This breakthrough advances catena-phosphorus chemistry and reveals new bonding insights.

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Organophosphorus Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Phosphorus chemistry explores unique bonding and structures.
  • Catena-phosphorus compounds, featuring P-P bonds, are crucial for developing novel materials and catalysts.
  • Understanding the synthesis and properties of polyphosphorus cations is an ongoing challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize the first crystallographically defined chlorophosphinophosphonium salts.
  • To investigate the reductive coupling of these salts to form novel acyclic diphosphino-diphosphonium ions.
  • To explore the bonding and reactivity of these new phosphorus frameworks.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation and crystallographic characterization of chlorophosphinophosphonium salts.
  • Reductive coupling reactions with tertiary phosphines (e.g., Ph3P).
  • One-pot diastereoselective synthesis using dichlorophosphines, tertiary phosphines, and trimethylsilyltrifluoromethanesulfonate.
  • Spectroscopic analysis (NMR, etc.) and computational studies.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of the first crystallographically characterized chlorophosphinophosphonium salts.
  • Formation of the first acyclic 2,3-diphosphino-1,4-diphosphonium ions via reductive coupling.
  • Characterization of new salts with general formula [R3P-PR'-PR'-PR3][OTf]2.
  • Demonstration of quantitative ligand exchange, highlighting the coordinative nature of P-P bonds in phosphine-phosphonium systems.
  • Interpretation of solid-state structures using computational methods.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a significant advancement in catena-phosphorus chemistry.
  • The newly synthesized diphosphino-diphosphonium ions represent a key framework for future research.
  • The findings provide crucial insights into the bonding models of phosphorus-rich cations and their coordination chemistry.