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Interaction between hormones and the immune system.

H Weicker1, E Werle

  • 1Department of Sports and Performance Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany.

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|June 1, 1991
PubMed
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Exercise impacts immune cells, with catecholamines increasing granulocytes after short exercise and cortisol reducing lymphocytes after long or strenuous exercise. Proper training and recovery are key for immune health.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Neuroendocrinology

Background:

  • Exercise influences leukocyte distribution, with catecholamines affecting granulocytes and lymphocytes.
  • Hormonal responses like cortisol increase with exercise intensity and duration, impacting immune function.
  • Neuroimmune modulation during physical and psychological stress involves hormones and neuropeptides.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the effects of exercise on immune cells, particularly leukocytes.
  • To explore the roles of catecholamines, cortisol, and cytokines in exercise-induced immune changes.
  • To examine neuroimmune modulation and its implications for immune regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on exercise, hormones, and immune responses.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of hormonal changes (catecholamines, cortisol, endorphins, ACTH, vasopressin) in response to varying exercise protocols.
  • Consideration of lymphocyte subclass changes and homing effects.

    • Main Results:

    • Short-term exercise increases leukocytes (predominantly granulocytes) via catecholamines.
    • Long-term or strenuous exercise leads to reduced lymphocytes, linked to cortisol increase.
    • Catecholamines can stimulate lymphocyte increase by releasing them from vessel walls and mobilizing them from lymphoid organs.
    • Catecholamines inhibit lymphocyte proliferation and mast cell degranulation, potentially preventing hypersensitivity.

    Conclusions:

    • Exercise-induced hormonal changes interact significantly with immunological regulation.
    • Neuroimmune pathways are crucial in immune regulation, especially under stress.
    • Optimizing training regimens and recovery periods is essential for improving immune function and preventing infections.