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Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer

Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer

Published on: November 2, 2013

Biomarkers for prostate cancer.

Danil V Makarov¹, Stacy Loeb, Robert H Getzenberg

¹The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. dmakarov@jhmi.edu

Annual Review of Medicine

|October 25, 2008

Summary

Prostate cancer biomarkers like prostate-specific antigen (PSA) aid screening and detection. Further research is needed to validate existing markers and discover new ones for aggressive prostate cancer identification.

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Area of Science:

Urology
Oncology
Biomarker Discovery

Background:

Prostate cancer management has been significantly advanced by the development of effective biomarkers.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a widely used but non-specific biomarker for prostate cancer detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current literature on prostate cancer biomarkers.
To highlight the utility of various serum, tissue, and urine biomarkers in prostate cancer management.
To identify future research directions for improved prostate cancer diagnostics.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of prostate cancer biomarkers.
Categorization of biomarkers into serum, tissue, and urine markers.
Analysis of existing and emerging prostate cancer detection and prognostication tools.

Main Results:

Identified key serum markers: PAP, tPSA, fPSA, proPSA, PSAD, PSAV, PSADT, EPCA, and EPCA-2.
Highlighted important tissue markers: AMACR, methylated GSTP1, and TMPRSS2-ETS gene rearrangement.
Included a significant urine marker: DD3PCA3/UPM-3.

Conclusions:

Existing prostate cancer biomarkers have revolutionized disease management.
Validation of current biomarkers is crucial for clinical application.
Discovery of novel biomarkers is essential for identifying aggressive prostate cancer cases.