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Related Concept Videos

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
07:37

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

Published on: June 6, 2025

Epigenetic modifications in rheumatoid arthritis.

Simon Strietholt1, Britta Maurer, Marvin A Peters

  • 1Institute of Experimental Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Munster, Domagkstrasse 3, 48149 Münster, Germany.

Arthritis Research & Therapy
|October 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic processes, heritable changes in gene expression, significantly influence rheumatic diseases, potentially matching genetic factors. Understanding these epigenetic alterations offers new therapeutic avenues for rheumatoid arthritis.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
07:37

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genetic factors like HLA haplotypes have been extensively studied in rheumatoid diseases.
  • Emerging research highlights the significant role of epigenetic processes in rheumatic disease development, comparable to genetic influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
  • To explore how understanding epigenetic mechanisms can lead to novel therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on epigenetic modifications in rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Analysis of epigenetic mechanisms including chromatin methylation and histone modifications.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic processes involve heritable changes in gene expression without altering nucleotide sequences.
  • Modifications include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of chromatin-associated proteins.
  • These modifications form a complex network regulating gene expression via activation or silencing.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic alterations are crucial in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis.
  • A deeper understanding of these epigenetic mechanisms is key to developing innovative therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis.