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Related Concept Videos

Urethra01:16

Urethra

The urethra is a hollowed tubular organ through which urine is expelled from the body. This structure extends from the bladder to the external opening, allowing urine to be released.
The anatomy of the urethra differs between males and females. In females, the urethra is short, measuring about 3–4 cm in length, and opens anterior to the vaginal opening. In males, the urethra is longer and passes through the penis, serving dual purposes: expelling urine and ejaculating semen. The male urethra is...
Ureters01:22

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...

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Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection
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Congenital obstructive distal urethral membrane.

Christa M Schimke1, T M Boemers, B Detlefsen

  • 1Department of Pediatric Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Müllnerhauptstrasse 48, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. c.schimke@salk.at

Journal of Pediatric Urology
|October 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A rare case of urethral obstruction in a newborn boy, caused by a distal meatal membrane and posterior urethral valves (PUV), led to severe kidney damage and nephrectomy. The PUV were not the primary cause of renal decline.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Neonatal Surgery
  • Medical Case Reports

Background:

  • Distal urethral obstruction is a rare neonatal condition.
  • Posterior urethral valves (PUV) are a common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in male infants.
  • Congenital anomalies of the lower urinary tract can lead to significant renal morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of complete distal urethral obstruction in a newborn.
  • To investigate the etiology and management of complex urinary tract anomalies.
  • To analyze the impact of urethral obstruction on renal function in neonates.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a newborn boy with distal urethral obstruction.
  • Surgical excision of a cystic lesion and identification of hypospadiac urethra.
  • Diagnostic evaluation including imaging and cystoscopy to confirm posterior urethral valves (PUV).
  • Endoscopic resection of PUV and subsequent clinical follow-up.

Main Results:

  • Complete distal urethral obstruction due to a distal meatal membrane was identified.
  • Bilateral vesico-ureteral reflux, dilated posterior urethra, and urethral lesion were observed.
  • Posterior urethral valves (PUV) were confirmed and resected.
  • Left nephrectomy was performed at 16 months due to impaired renal function; right-sided reflux resolved.
  • Renal deterioration was attributed to the initial obstruction, not the PUV.

Conclusions:

  • Distal meatal membranes can cause severe neonatal urethral obstruction.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing neonatal urinary tract anomalies.
  • Complex urethral obstructions can lead to significant renal compromise, necessitating aggressive management.
  • The etiology of the cystic lesion remains uncertain, possibly a cloacal membrane remnant.