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Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...

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Fat Preference: A Novel Model of Eating Behavior in Rats
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Published on: June 27, 2014

Dietary resistant starch increases hypothalamic POMC expression in rats.

Li Shen1, Michael J Keenan, Roy J Martin

  • 1Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)
|October 25, 2008
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Dietary resistant starch (RS) reduces body fat by increasing hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression. Vagal afferent nerves are not involved in this process, suggesting a direct effect of RS on the hypothalamus.

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolism and Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Resistant starch (RS) is a fermentable dietary fiber known to reduce body fat and modify gut hormone profiles.
  • The arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus plays a critical role in regulating energy balance and appetite.
  • The involvement of vagal afferent nerves in the metabolic effects of RS is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of dietary RS on neuropeptide gene expression in the rat hypothalamic ARC.
  • To determine if vagal afferent nerves mediate the effects of RS on body fat accumulation and hypothalamic gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were treated with capsaicin to ablate vagal afferent nerve fibers or vehicle control.
  • Animals were fed either a control diet or a diet supplemented with RS for 65 days.
  • Body fat, food intake, plasma gut hormones (PYY, GLP-1), and hypothalamic gene expression (POMC, NPY, AgRP) were measured.

Main Results:

  • RS consumption led to decreased body fat and increased hypothalamic POMC mRNA expression in both capsaicin-treated and control rats.
  • Plasma levels of PYY and GLP-1 were elevated in RS-fed rats.
  • RS did not alter hypothalamic NPY or AgRP gene expression, and vagotomy did not affect the RS-induced changes.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary resistant starch reduces body fat accumulation, at least partly, by upregulating POMC expression in the hypothalamic ARC.
  • Vagal afferent nerve pathways are not essential for mediating the effects of RS on body fat reduction and hypothalamic POMC expression.
  • This study provides the first evidence that dietary RS directly influences hypothalamic POMC expression.