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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
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A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

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Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
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Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...

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Preparation of Murine Submandibular Salivary Gland for Upright Intravital Microscopy
08:13

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Published on: May 7, 2018

Submandibular space infection: a potentially lethal infection.

Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo1, Maria Cristina Da Mosto

  • 1Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Otolaryngology Clinic - Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padua, School of Medicine, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy. paolo.boscolorizzo@unipd.it

International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
|October 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Submandibular space infections can lead to life-threatening complications. Anterior visceral space involvement and diabetes mellitus are key risk factors, requiring vigilant clinical assessment and early intervention, including surgical drainage when necessary.

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Cannulation of the Mouse Submandibular Salivary Gland via the Wharton's Duct
05:18

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Published on: May 14, 2011

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Preparation of Murine Submandibular Salivary Gland for Upright Intravital Microscopy
08:13

Preparation of Murine Submandibular Salivary Gland for Upright Intravital Microscopy

Published on: May 7, 2018

Cannulation of the Mouse Submandibular Salivary Gland via the Wharton's Duct
05:18

Cannulation of the Mouse Submandibular Salivary Gland via the Wharton's Duct

Published on: May 14, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Submandibular space infections are serious conditions with potential for severe complications.
  • Identifying predisposing factors is crucial for timely and effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical characteristics and management of submandibular space infections.
  • To identify predisposing factors for life-threatening complications.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study at a tertiary academic center (1998-2006).
  • Analysis of patient records including demographics, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, comorbidities, bacteriology, imaging, treatment, and complications.
  • Multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Anterior visceral space involvement (OR 54.44) and diabetes mellitus (OR 17.46) were significant predictors of complications.
  • Other comorbidities (OR 11.66) and bilateral submandibular swelling (OR 10.67) were also independent predictors.
  • Four key risk factors for life-threatening complications were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Airway obstruction and mediastinal spread are critical complications.
  • Management strategies vary from antibiotics alone for small infections to surgical drainage for larger abscesses or specific risk factors.
  • Patients with comorbidities, particularly diabetes mellitus, require heightened suspicion for complications and consideration for early surgical intervention.