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Related Concept Videos

Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
Processes at Electrodes01:30

Processes at Electrodes

The electrode interacts with ions in the electrolyte solution at its interface. The rate of oxidation and reduction depends on the speed at which electrons can transfer through this interface. As ions attach to or leave the electrode surface, the electrode acquires a charge, and an electrical potential forms across the interface, making the process more difficult to reach equilibrium. The charge on the electrode affects the local ion concentrations in the solution, though thermal motion...
Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

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Bridging the Bio-Electronic Interface with Biofabrication
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Published on: June 6, 2012

Protein crystals make it big at electrode surfaces.

Barry R Silver1, Patrick R Unwin

  • 1Molecular Organisation and Assembly in Cells Doctoral Training Centre, Coventry House, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK CV4 7AL. b.r.silver@warwick.ac.uk

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|October 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates enhanced and rapid lysozyme crystal growth on a platinum electrode surface. Applied electrical current and a simplified solution accelerate protein crystallization processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Protein crystallization is crucial for structural biology and drug development.
  • Traditional methods can be slow and challenging, requiring complex solutions.
  • Controlling crystal growth at the molecular level is an ongoing research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate enhanced and rapid growth of lysozyme crystals.
  • To investigate the effect of an applied current on protein crystallization.
  • To utilize a simplified crystallizing solution for efficient crystal formation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a platinum electrode as a substrate for crystal nucleation and growth.
  • Applying an electrical current across the electrode during the crystallization process.
  • Employing a simplified crystallizing solution to facilitate lysozyme crystal formation.

Main Results:

  • Significant enhancement in the rate of lysozyme crystal growth was observed.
  • Crystals grew rapidly at the surface of the platinum electrode.
  • The applied current facilitated controlled and accelerated crystallization.

Conclusions:

  • Applied electrical current accelerates lysozyme crystallization on platinum electrodes.
  • A simplified solution combined with electrocrystallization offers an efficient method for protein crystal growth.
  • This technique holds potential for improving protein structure determination and biomaterial development.