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Related Concept Videos

Actin Filament Depolymerization01:19

Actin Filament Depolymerization

Actin filaments (F-actin) are composed of actin subunits. The dissociation of actin monomers can occur from either end of F-actin. The rate of dissociation is faster from the minus-end or the pointed end, where the actin subunits exist with a bound ADP, together known as ADP-actin. The depolymerization of F-actin is aided by proteins, including the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin family of proteins, gelsolin, and glia maturation factor (GMF).
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...
Actin Polymerization01:42

Actin Polymerization

Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶  nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
The nucleation phase involves forming a stable nucleus consisting of three actin monomers to form a new actin filament. Actin-binding proteins such as formins and Arp2/3 complex help filament growth post-nucleation. The Formins form straight actin...
Introduction to Actin01:26

Introduction to Actin

Actin is a highly conserved cytoskeletal protein found abundantly in eukaryotic cells. It constitutes 10% weight of the total cellular protein in muscle cells, while in non-muscle cells, it is lower and makes up around 1–5 percent of the total cell protein. Actin found in the unicellular amoebae and complex multicellular animals is around 80% similar, demonstrating their conservation over a billion years of evolution.  Actin coding genes are conserved within species and across different species.
Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
Coat Assembly and GTPases01:33

Coat Assembly and GTPases

Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
Coat assembly depends on the local availability of phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs and GTP-binding proteins. Adaptor proteins, which link the coat proteins to the membrane, bind to these PIPs and play a crucial role in controlling...
Introduction to Plant Diversity02:22

Introduction to Plant Diversity

From Water to Land

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AirID-Based Proximity Labeling for Protein-Protein Interaction in Plants
08:36

AirID-Based Proximity Labeling for Protein-Protein Interaction in Plants

Published on: September 16, 2022

Actin-aggregating cucurbitacins from Physocarpus capitatus.

Katherine N Maloney1, Masaki Fujita, Ulrike S Eggert

  • 1Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Journal of Natural Products
|October 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers isolated two new cucurbitacins from Physocarpus capitatus. These compounds, along with known ones, were found to disrupt cell division by forming actin aggregates.

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Physocarpus capitatus is a plant source of bioactive compounds.
  • Cucurbitacins are a class of natural products with diverse biological activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize new cucurbitacins from Physocarpus capitatus.
  • To investigate the preliminary mechanism of action of isolated cucurbitacins.

Main Methods:

  • Bioassay-guided fractionation of Physocarpus capitatus extract.
  • Structure elucidation of isolated compounds using spectroscopic methods.
  • Cell-based assays to study effects on actin cytoskeleton and cell division.

Main Results:

  • Two new cucurbitacins, designated 3 and 4, were identified.
  • Known cucurbitacins F (1) and dihydrocucurbitacin F (2) were also isolated.
  • The cucurbitacins induced the formation of actin aggregates.
  • Inhibition of cell division was observed in the presence of the cucurbitacins.

Conclusions:

  • Physocarpus capitatus is a source of novel cucurbitacin compounds.
  • The isolated cucurbitacins exhibit cytotoxic effects by interfering with the actin cytoskeleton and cell division process.