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Related Concept Videos

Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
Electrogravimetric Analysis: Overview01:30

Electrogravimetric Analysis: Overview

Electrogravimetric analysis measures the weight of an analyte deposited electrolytically onto a suitable working electrode. This method involves applying a potential to a pre-weighed electrode submerged in a solution, which results in the desired substance being deposited through reduction at the cathode or oxidation at the anode. The electrode's weight is recorded after deposition, and the difference in weight gives the analyte's weight in the solution.
To test the completeness of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Taking Advantage of Reduced Droplet-surface Interaction to Optimize Transport of Bioanalytes in Digital Microfluidics
07:57

Taking Advantage of Reduced Droplet-surface Interaction to Optimize Transport of Bioanalytes in Digital Microfluidics

Published on: November 10, 2014

Aerosol preconcentration on a liquid electrode.

P A Michalik1, R Stephens

  • 1Trace Analysis Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Talanta
|January 1, 1981
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a water electrode system for electrostatic preconcentration of dried aerosols, simplifying sample introduction into flame atomizers. The method effectively traps many elements, though some fail due to insoluble species formation.

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Taking Advantage of Reduced Droplet-surface Interaction to Optimize Transport of Bioanalytes in Digital Microfluidics
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Published on: April 10, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Aerosol preconcentration is crucial for trace element analysis.
  • Traditional methods using wire electrodes face challenges in sample introduction.
  • Developing efficient and simpler preconcentration techniques is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of a water electrode for electrostatic aerosol preconcentration.
  • To compare its performance with existing wire electrode systems.
  • To identify factors affecting the preconcentration efficiency for various elements.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel water electrode system for electrostatic preconcentration of dried aerosols.
  • Aerosols were collected onto the water electrode.
  • Collected material was introduced into a flame atomizer via aspiration of the electrode solution.
  • Tested the system's response for approximately 40 elements.

Main Results:

  • The water electrode system demonstrated similar trapping characteristics to wire electrodes.
  • Subsequent sample introduction into the flame atomizer was significantly easier.
  • Five out of forty tested elements did not yield a response.
  • Failures were linked to the formation of water-insoluble species during desolvation.

Conclusions:

  • The water electrode offers a simplified and effective approach for aerosol preconcentration and flame atomizer introduction.
  • Vapor-phase reactions forming insoluble species can limit the applicability for certain elements.
  • Further research may focus on mitigating these side reactions for broader elemental coverage.