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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

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Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
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Exocrine Glands: Unicellular and Multicellular Glands01:29

Exocrine Glands: Unicellular and Multicellular Glands

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Exocrine glands are classified as unicellular and multicellular. The unicellular glands are scattered single cells, such as goblet cells, found in the mucous membranes of the small and large intestines. On the other hand, multicellular exocrine glands develop as secretory sheets, like the internal lining of the abdomen or chest. Such secretory sheets release their secretions directly into the lumen of these organs. In addition, some multicellular glands have deep-seated secretory units to...
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Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:39

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Overview
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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[Thyroid gland TSH receptors].

J Orgiazzi

    Annales De Biologie Clinique
    |January 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study examines the complexities of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, their function in thyroid cells, and their role in hormone-dependent thyroid cancer. Understanding TSH receptor dynamics offers new insights into thyroid regulation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Cell Biology

    Context:

    • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors are crucial for thyroid function.
    • TSH is a glycoprotein hormone composed of alpha and beta subunits.
    • Receptor analysis presents unique challenges due to TSH's structure and function.

    Purpose:

    • To discuss the general conditions for receptor analysis: reversibility, saturability, specificity, and affinity.
    • To explore the specific difficulties in analyzing TSH receptors.
    • To examine the biological significance of the TSH-receptor interaction and adenylate cyclase activation.

    Summary:

    • TSH receptors are primarily located on the outer plasma membrane of thyroid cells.
    • Lecithinase treatment dissociates the TSH-receptor bond from biological response, highlighting distinct functional domains.
    • The role of TSH subunits and variable thyroid receptivity in regulatory mechanisms is considered.

    Impact:

    • Re-evaluation of hormone dependency in thyroid carcinoma is suggested based on new TSH receptor data.
    • Variable receptor receptivity may represent an alternative regulatory mechanism in thyroid tissue.
    • This research provides a deeper understanding of thyroid cell signaling and potential therapeutic targets.