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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte properties and...

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I

There are different types of detectors used in gas chromatography, each with its own specific properties that make it suitable for detecting certain types of analytes. The most commonly used detectors in GC are thermal conductivity detector (TCD), flame ionization detector (FID), and electron capture detector (ECD).
TCD is the earliest and most widely used detector that operates by measuring the changes in the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas. When a sample compound enters the detector,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Automated HPLC Separation Using LC-Mate: An Integrated Repetitive Autosampler and Fraction Collector for Microscale Purification

Automated HPLC Separation Using LC-Mate: An Integrated Repetitive Autosampler and Fraction Collector for Microscale Purification

Published on: February 27, 2026

A sub-microlitre two-photon ionizatio detector for high-performance liquid chromatography.

S Yamada¹, C Sakane, T Ogawa

¹Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Kyushu University, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816, Japan.

|May 1, 1987

Summary

A novel two-photon ionization detector was developed for high-performance liquid chromatography. This simple, windowless detector utilizes a pulsed laser and a falling-jet cell for sensitive analysis.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Spectroscopy
Chromatography

Background:

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) requires sensitive detection methods.
Two-photon ionization offers a potential route for enhanced sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To construct and evaluate a simple, sub-microlitre two-photon ionization detector for HPLC.

Main Methods:

Construction of a detector comprising a pulsed laser, a windowless falling-jet cell (14 nl volume), and a boxcar detection system.
Evaluation of the detector's performance.
Application of a dye laser as the excitation light source.

Main Results:

A functional two-photon ionization detector with a sub-microlitre cell volume was successfully built.
The windowless falling-jet cell design minimizes sample volume and potential dead volume.

Conclusions:

The developed detector is a simple and effective tool for sensitive detection in HPLC.
This technology holds promise for trace analysis in various chemical and biological applications.