Ionic equilibria in neutral amphiprotic solvents of low dielectric constant: Buffer solutions

The ionic equilibria in neutral amphiprotic solvents (isopropyl and tert-butyl alcohols) have been established, and equations to calculate pH values in solutions of acids, bases, salts or their mixtures, developed. The effect, on the dissociation equilibria, of the presence of small quantities of water or other solvents in the bulk solvent used has been taken into account in the proposed equations. On the basis of these equations some buffer solutions have been studied and recommended for electrode standardization. The results, tested by experimental work, show the importance of the incompleteness of dissociation of salts in these solvents, which decreases the pH of acid buffers and increases the buffer capacity.