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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

295
Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
295
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

348
Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
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In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

327
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
327

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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
08:46

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

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Evidence-based guideline: unexplained infertility†.

, D Romualdi1, B Ata2,3

  • 1Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Human Reproduction (Oxford, England)
|August 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This guideline provides recommendations for managing unexplained infertility (UI). First-line treatment is intrauterine insemination (IUI) with ovarian stimulation, though evidence quality is often low.

Keywords:
ARTESHREIUIIVFevidence-basedguidelinemedically assisted reproductionpregnancyunexplained infertility

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine and Endocrinology
  • Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines

Background:

  • Unexplained infertility (UI) is diagnosed when standard investigations reveal no abnormalities in either partner.
  • Current management of UI is largely empirical, lacking robust evaluation of treatment efficacy and safety.
  • A standardized diagnostic work-up for UI is still needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for the definition, diagnosis, and management of unexplained infertility (UI).
  • To guide clinicians in offering optimal care for couples experiencing UI.
  • To identify areas requiring further research in UI.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a guideline following the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) structured methodology.
  • Formulation of key questions by experts, followed by comprehensive literature searches and assessments up to October 2022.
  • Consensus-based formulation of recommendations by the guideline development group (GDG) after stakeholder review.

Main Results:

  • The guideline presents 52 recommendations on UI diagnosis and treatment.
  • Intrauterine insemination (IUI) combined with ovarian stimulation is recommended as the first-line treatment for UI.
  • Most recommendations are based on low or very low-quality evidence, highlighting a need for more research.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians are provided with clear advice on best practices for managing UI based on current evidence.
  • Significant gaps in high-quality evidence exist for many diagnostic tests and interventions in UI.
  • Further research is crucial to refine current recommendations and improve the management of unexplained infertility.