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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Clean Sampling and Analysis of River and Estuarine Waters for Trace Metal Studies
Published on: July 1, 2016
Application of flowing-stream techniques to water analysis Part II. General quality parameters and anionic compounds:
Manuel Miró1, José Manuel Estela, Víctor Cerdà
1Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Faculty of Sciences, Carretera de Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Abstract:
In the first part of this review [Talanta 60 (2000) 867], flowing-stream methods (namely, segmented flow analysis (SFA), continuous-flow analysis (CFA), flow-injection analysis (FIA), sequential-injection analysis (SIA), multicommuted flow-injection analysis (MCFIA) and multisyringe flow-injection analysis (MSFIA)) were presented as powerful analytical tools for nutrient determination in water samples when coupled to photometric/fluorimetric detection, flow-through ion-selective electrodes or amperometric sensors. In the present paper, relevant flow methods applied to the monitoring of anionic species as well as to the determination of general parameters for water quality evaluation (such as pH, alkalinity, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand, conductivity and total ionic content) are reviewed, and their background, detection technique and noteworthy analytical features are detailed. Furthermore, other techniques, such as flow systems connected to hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrometry, should be highlighted as practical approaches for metalloid determination since a series of speciation schemes are demonstrated to be readily adaptable.
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