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Related Concept Videos

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...
Types of Reversible Electrodes01:24

Types of Reversible Electrodes

For electrode reversibility to be maintained, all the reactants and products involved in the half-reaction must be present at the electrode. There are several types of reversible electrodes (half-cells).In metal-metal-ion electrodes, a metal balances electrochemically with a solution of its own ions. Examples are Cu2+|Cu and Zn2+|Zn. Metals that react with the solvent, like group 1 and most group 2 metals, which react with water, and zinc, which reacts with aqueous acidic solutions, cannot be...
Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Electrochemical Systems01:24

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution, the Zn metal, composed...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes
07:45

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Published on: August 16, 2018

A bromide selective polymeric membrane electrode based on Zn(II) macrocyclic complex.

A K Singh1, Sameena Mehtab, Puja Saxena

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee, Roorkee, India. akscyfcy@iitr.ernet.in

Talanta
|October 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A new zinc(II) complex-based sensor provides accurate bromide ion detection across a wide concentration range. This novel sensor offers fast response times and excellent selectivity for bromide in various real-world samples.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are crucial for chemical analysis.
  • Developing selective and sensitive ISEs for specific ions remains an active research area.
  • Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane sensors offer advantages in terms of flexibility and ease of fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel bromide ion-selective PVC membrane sensor.
  • To utilize a specific zinc(II) complex as the ionophore for bromide recognition.
  • To evaluate the sensor's performance characteristics, including working range, detection limit, selectivity, and response time.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a PVC membrane sensor incorporating a 2,3,10,11-tetraphenyl-1,4,9,12-tetraazacyclohexadeca-1,3,9,11-tetraene zinc(II) complex as the ion carrier.
  • Electrochemical characterization of the sensor using potentiometric measurements.
  • Determination of the working concentration range, limit of detection, and Nernstian slope.
  • Assessment of selectivity against various interfering anions.
  • Testing the sensor's performance in potentiometric titrations and real sample analysis.

Main Results:

  • The developed bromide sensor exhibited a wide working concentration range from 2.2 x 10(-6) to 1.0 x 10(-1) M.
  • A low limit of detection of 1.4 x 10(-6) M was achieved.
  • The sensor demonstrated a Nernstian slope of 59.2 ± 0.5 mV per decade.
  • A fast response time of 20 seconds was observed across the entire concentration range.
  • The electrode showed good selectivity for bromide ions over a variety of other anions.
  • The sensor operated effectively within a pH range of 3.5-9.5.
  • Successful application as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration and determination of bromide in real samples.

Conclusions:

  • The novel PVC membrane sensor based on the zinc(II) complex demonstrates excellent performance for bromide ion detection.
  • The sensor offers a wide working range, low detection limit, fast response, and good selectivity.
  • Its successful application in real sample analysis highlights its practical utility in potentiometric measurements.