Autobiographical memory in long-term survivors of severe traumatic brain injury

The aim of this study was to examine the ability of persons who had sustained a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) at least 6 years previously to recall memories associated with famous names. Each of 19 persons with TBI was matched with a healthy control of the same age, gender, and occupational-educational background. A list of 115 names of famous people was compiled, 25 of whom came to prominence in each decade from 1960 to 1999, and 15 in the period 2000 to 2005. Participants were first asked whether they recognized each name as being of a famous person and to state the reason for the individual's fame. For those names they correctly identified, they were asked to recall a memory associated with the person; each memory produced was categorized as a context-specific memory or a general memory. The ability to recognize and identify famous names was well preserved in the TBI group; however, they showed a consistent impairment in the ability to recall specific episodic memories acquired before and after the date of the TBI. This inability to generate personal and specific information is likely to have an impact on the ability of the person with TBI to participate in interpersonal interactions and problem solve in complex social situations.