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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
06:23

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

[Falls in patients with dementia].

Kiyoshi Yamaguchi1

  • 1The University of Tokyo Hospital, Department of Geriatric medicine.

Clinical Calcium
|November 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Elderly individuals with cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), face a significantly higher risk of falls. Impaired gait regulation and parkinsonism are key factors contributing to falls in these populations.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Neurology
  • Neuroscience and Public Health

Context:

  • Cognitive impairment, prevalent in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), substantially increases fall risk in the elderly.
  • Despite the high incidence of falls in AD patients, motor impairment is often absent in mild to moderate stages, suggesting gait regulation deficits.
  • Falls are a hallmark of DLB, potentially aiding diagnosis and linked to parkinsonism and other factors.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the elevated risk of falls in elderly individuals with cognitive impairment.
  • To underscore the association between cognitive impairment, gait disturbances, and fall incidence.
  • To emphasize the need for research into fall reduction strategies for dementia patients.

Summary:

  • Individuals with cognitive impairment exhibit a 2-3 times higher risk of falling compared to their cognitively intact counterparts.

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Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients
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Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients

Published on: December 16, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
06:23

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients
07:42

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients

Published on: December 16, 2022

  • Divided attention significantly impairs gait regulation in AD patients, contributing to falls.
  • Falls in DLB patients are common, associated with parkinsonism, and may serve as a diagnostic indicator.

    • Impact:

    • Understanding these fall risks is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
    • Prioritizing treatment studies for fall reduction in dementia patients is essential for patient safety and quality of life.
    • This research can inform clinical practice and public health strategies for managing fall risks in aging populations with cognitive decline.