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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies
10:31

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies

Published on: October 25, 2018

Myasthenia gravis: a study from India.

B S Singhal1, Nisha S Bhatia, T Umesh

  • 1Department of Neurology, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai - 400 020, India. bssinghal@gmail.com

Neurology India
|November 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzed 841 myasthenia gravis patients in India over 43 years. Myasthenia gravis predominantly affects males, with distinct age-onset peaks and a high prevalence of acetylcholine receptor antibodies and thymoma.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies
10:31

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies

Published on: October 25, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Presents findings from the largest hospital-based myasthenia gravis (MG) studies in India.
  • Utilizes 43 years of data from a tertiary referral center's Neurology Department.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate clinical presentation, age at onset, and gender distribution in MG patients.
  • Determine serological status and thymic pathology in individuals with myasthenia gravis.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a retrospective study of myasthenia gravis patient records.
  • Data collected spanned from 1965 to 2008.

Main Results:

  • Analyzed 841 patients: 836 with acquired MG and 5 with congenital MG.
  • Median age at onset was 48 years (males 53, females 34), with peak onset in males (6th-7th decade) and females (3rd decade).
  • 84.70% of 281 tested patients were positive for Acetylcholine receptor (AchR) antibodies; thymoma was the most common histopathology, followed by thymic hyperplasia.

Conclusions:

  • Myasthenia gravis is more prevalent in males (M:F ratio 2.70:1) with specific age-onset peaks.
  • Higher thymoma prevalence may be due to selection bias from thymectomy in severe cases.
  • Thymoma was more frequent in males, while thymic hyperplasia was more common in females.