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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Induction of Cerebral Arterial Gas Embolism in Rat

Induction of Cerebral Arterial Gas Embolism in Rat

Published on: October 18, 2024

[Paradoxical brain embolism].

Hideki Matsuoka¹

¹Department of Cerebrovascular Division, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo

|November 4, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Right-to-left shunt (RLS) causes paradoxical brain embolism, a stroke cause in young adults. Diagnosis relies on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), with Doppler ultrasound as a noninvasive alternative. Treatment varies based on risk factors.

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Induction of Cerebral Arterial Gas Embolism in Rat

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Cerebral Ischemic Coma Model Induced by Modified Four-Vessel Occlusion

Cerebral Ischemic Coma Model Induced by Modified Four-Vessel Occlusion

Published on: July 5, 2024

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Neurology
Vascular Medicine

Context:

Right-to-left shunt (RLS) is a significant cause of ischemic stroke, particularly in young adults, often due to paradoxical embolism.
The prevalence and diagnostic challenges of RLS, including patent foramen ovale (PFO) and pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas, are not well-characterized in Japan.
Previous studies suggest PFO is more common in younger stroke patients, though detection rates can be limited by diagnostic methods.

Purpose:

To investigate the characteristics and diagnostic approaches for RLS and paradoxical brain embolism in acute stroke patients.
To evaluate the prevalence of PFO in young adults experiencing stroke within the SASSY-Japan cohort.
To highlight the importance of accurate RLS detection and discuss current and emerging diagnostic modalities.

Summary:

The SASSY-Japan study analyzed 7,245 acute stroke patients, finding a low prevalence of PFO (1.2% in young vs. 0.7% in older patients), potentially due to limited use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).
Contrast-enhanced TEE is the gold standard for RLS detection, but transcranial Doppler ultrasound offers a noninvasive alternative.
Ultrasonography is crucial for identifying venous thrombi as embolism sources, necessitating prompt post-stroke examination.

Impact:

Accurate diagnosis of RLS is crucial for preventing recurrent ischemic strokes.
Treatment strategies for RLS-associated stroke should be individualized based on the presence of coexisting risk factors like venous thrombi.
For patients without additional risk factors, antiplatelet therapy (e.g., aspirin) shows comparable efficacy to anticoagulation in preventing embolism recurrence, as suggested by PICCS data.