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Related Concept Videos

Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Transmission of Pathogens01:24

Transmission of Pathogens

Pathogens spread from their reservoirs to susceptible hosts through three main routes: contact transmission, vehicle transmission, and vector transmission. Each route involves distinct mechanisms of transfer.Contact TransmissionThis category includes direct contact, indirect contact, and droplet transmission:Direct contact involves immediate physical interaction between individuals—such as a handshake—which can spread pathogens like Streptococcus pyogenes, the bacterium responsible for...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
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Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

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Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners
14:28

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

Published on: June 30, 2013

Why is HIV a pathogen?

Anna Forsman1, Robin A Weiss

  • 1MRC/UCL Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, 46 Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF, UK.

Trends in Microbiology
|November 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pathogenesis involves CD4+ T cell depletion and viral replication, leading to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Comparative lentivirus studies reveal AIDS is not inevitable, offering insights into pathogenesis.

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Phagosome Migration and Velocity Measured in Live Primary Human Macrophages Infected with HIV-1
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Phagosome Migration and Velocity Measured in Live Primary Human Macrophages Infected with HIV-1

Published on: September 5, 2016

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners
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Published on: June 30, 2013

Phagosome Migration and Velocity Measured in Live Primary Human Macrophages Infected with HIV-1
07:32

Phagosome Migration and Velocity Measured in Live Primary Human Macrophages Infected with HIV-1

Published on: September 5, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) through CD4+ T cell depletion.
  • AIDS progression involves a silent phase of viral replication and immune system decline.
  • Non-pathogenic lentivirus infections in other species offer comparative insights into AIDS pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the complex pathogenesis of HIV and AIDS.
  • To compare pathogenic and non-pathogenic lentivirus infections.
  • To understand factors distinguishing disease-causing from non-disease-causing lentivirus infections.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of lentivirus infections in different species.
  • Examination of immune system dynamics during HIV infection.
  • Investigation of cellular targets (T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells) in lentivirus pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • HIV pathogenesis is characterized by CD4+ T cell loss in the gut and systemic immune activation.
  • Destruction of lymphoid follicle integrity and macrophage/dendritic cell infection contribute to disease.
  • Simian immunodeficiency virus in natural hosts rarely causes AIDS, unlike HIV.

Conclusions:

  • AIDS is not an inevitable outcome of lentivirus infection.
  • Systemic immune activation and lymphoid tissue destruction are key to pathogenic lentivirus infections.
  • Studying diverse lentivirus infections provides crucial insights into HIV pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies.