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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.01:25

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet cell...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
08:08

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets

Published on: May 11, 2015

Pulmonary hypertension in COPD.

A Chaouat1, R Naeije, E Weitzenblum

  • 1Dept for Respiratory Diseases and Respiratory Intensive Care, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France. a.chaouat@chu-nancy.fr

The European Respiratory Journal
|November 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pulmonary hypertension is a frequent complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), increasing risks. "Out-of-proportion" pulmonary hypertension in COPD warrants further investigation for targeted treatments.

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Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
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Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat

Published on: November 18, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
08:08

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets

Published on: May 11, 2015

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
08:34

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat

Published on: November 18, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Respiratory Diseases

Background:

  • Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  • PH in COPD is associated with increased exacerbation risk and reduced survival.
  • Pulmonary vascular remodeling, driven by hypoxia, inflammation, and capillary loss, elevates pulmonary artery pressure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics and implications of pulmonary hypertension in COPD.
  • To highlight the entity of "out-of-proportion" PH in COPD.
  • To discuss the current understanding and future research directions for PH and cor pulmonale in COPD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on pulmonary hypertension in COPD.
  • Definition and characterization of "out-of-proportion" pulmonary hypertension.
  • Discussion of diagnostic challenges and therapeutic considerations.

Main Results:

  • PH commonly worsens with exercise, sleep, and exacerbations in COPD.
  • "Out-of-proportion" PH, with elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure (>35-40 mmHg) and preserved lung function, is observed in a subset of COPD patients.
  • Cor pulmonale (right ventricular changes due to PH) is prevalent in COPD.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of cor pulmonale in COPD exercise capacity, utilizing advanced imaging and biomarkers.
  • Clinical trials should evaluate pulmonary arterial hypertension drugs in COPD patients with severe PH.
  • Current management of cor pulmonale in COPD focuses on oxygen therapy and airway obstruction relief.