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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation
08:44

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation

Published on: May 30, 2020

Gene by environment interaction in asthma.

Stephanie J London1, Isabelle Romieu

  • 1Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. london2@niehs.nih.gov

Annual Review of Public Health
|November 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic and environmental factors interact to cause asthma. Current research on gene-environment interactions for asthma is inconclusive due to small study sizes, but new methods may improve understanding.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation
08:44

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation

Published on: May 30, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Asthma and allergy rates vary internationally, suggesting environmental and genetic factors interact in disease development.
  • Family history is a significant risk factor, underscoring the role of genetic predisposition.
  • Key environmental exposures studied include environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), air pollutants, and endotoxins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of gene-environment interactions in asthma etiology.
  • To identify challenges and propose strategies for future research in this area.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating gene-environment interactions in asthma.
  • Discussion of statistical power limitations in current research.
  • Exploration of potential solutions such as multi-study collaborations and advanced phenotyping.

Main Results:

  • Existing literature on gene-environment interactions in asthma remains inconclusive.
  • Most studies lack the statistical power to detect weak gene-environment effects.
  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) offer potential for novel discoveries, while candidate gene studies remain relevant.

Conclusions:

  • Increased sample sizes and improved exposure/phenotype measures are crucial for advancing research.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms are emerging as important mediators of environmental interactions in asthma.
  • Future research requires robust methodologies to overcome current limitations and elucidate gene-environment interplay in asthma.