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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which results in tumor...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
07:53

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Published on: January 1, 2018

Develop-WNTs in somatic cell reprogramming.

Bradley J Merrill1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA. merrillb@uic.edu

Cell Stem Cell
|November 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wnt-beta-catenin signaling promotes nuclear reprogramming, a key step in generating pluripotent stem cells. These findings illuminate the molecular mechanisms driving pluripotency acquisition and maintenance.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
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Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Published on: January 1, 2018

De Novo Generation of Somatic Stem Cells by YAP/TAZ
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De Novo Generation of Somatic Stem Cells by YAP/TAZ

Published on: May 7, 2018

In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
06:21

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Published on: April 25, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Molecular mechanisms of reprogramming
  • Cellular differentiation

Background:

  • Recent studies investigate the role of Wnt-beta-catenin signaling in cellular reprogramming.
  • Understanding pluripotency is crucial for regenerative medicine and developmental biology.

Discussion:

  • Two independent studies demonstrate Wnt-beta-catenin signaling's role in nuclear reprogramming.
  • Distinct reprogramming methods were employed, providing robust evidence.

Key Insights:

  • Wnt-beta-catenin signaling is a critical stimulator of nuclear reprogramming.
  • This signaling pathway influences both the acquisition and maintenance of pluripotency.

Outlook:

  • Further research into Wnt pathway modulation could optimize reprogramming protocols.
  • Insights may advance therapeutic applications of induced pluripotent stem cells.