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Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management01:28

Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy01:30

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy

Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due to...
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Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Robotic-assisted Left Pneumonectomy For Vanishing Lung Syndrome
07:27

Robotic-assisted Left Pneumonectomy For Vanishing Lung Syndrome

Published on: January 23, 2026

Preoperative pulmonary update.

Gerald W Smetana1, Michelle V Conde

  • 1Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. gsmetana@bidmc.harvard.edu

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine
|November 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Postoperative pulmonary complications increase surgical morbidity. This review highlights new risk factors like advanced age and obstructive sleep apnea, alongside strategies such as lung expansion and epidural analgesia to reduce respiratory failure risks.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Robotic-assisted Left Pneumonectomy For Vanishing Lung Syndrome
07:27

Robotic-assisted Left Pneumonectomy For Vanishing Lung Syndrome

Published on: January 23, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Anesthesiology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are a significant cause of surgical morbidity and mortality.
  • Identifying and mitigating risks for PPCs is crucial for improving patient outcomes after surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging risk factors for PPCs.
  • To discuss a multifactorial index for predicting respiratory failure.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of specific risk reduction strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on PPCs.
  • Analysis of novel risk factors and predictive indices.
  • Assessment of evidence for various risk reduction interventions.

Main Results:

  • Advanced age, congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea are identified as novel risk factors.
  • A multifactorial index can aid in assessing respiratory failure risk.
  • Lung expansion maneuvers, selective nasogastric tube use, epidural analgesia, and inspiratory muscle training show promise in risk reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding emerging risk factors is key to managing PPCs.
  • Proactive implementation of targeted risk reduction strategies can significantly decrease postoperative respiratory complications.