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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA
Published on: December 15, 2023
Identification and characterization of genotype A and D recombinant hepatitis B virus from Indian chronic HBV
Ranjit Chauhan1, Syed-Naqui Kazim, Manoj Kumar
1Department of Gastroenterology, G. B. Pant Hospital, Delhi University Affiliated, Room No. 201, Academic Block, New Delhi 110002, India.
Aim:
To confirm the presence of recombination, full-length hepatitis B virus (HBV) from chronic patients was sequenced and analyzed.
Methods:
Full-length HBV genomes from 12 patients were amplified and sequenced in an automated sequencer. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on full-length, Core and preS2/Surface regions using MEGA software. SimPlot Boot Scanning and amino acid sequence analysis were performed for confirmation of recombination.
Results:
Eight patients were infected with genotype D strain; one patient with genotype A and three patients had genotype A and D recombination; two of them had cirrhosis and one had hepatocellular carcinoma. Phylogenetic analysis of core and preS2/surface regions separately showed evidence of genotype A and D recombination. The breakpoints of recombination were found to be at the start of preS2 and at the end of surface coding regions.
Conclusion:
We identified and characterized recombinant A and D genotype HBV in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients.
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