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Random without replacement is not random: Caveat emptor.

Chris Blais1

  • 1University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. cblais@berkeley.edu

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This summary is machine-generated.

Psychology experiments using "random without replacement" may introduce bias. This method deviates from true random selection, potentially influencing participant behavior and research outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Experimental Design

Background:

  • Many psychology labs utilize prepackaged software like E-Prime for experiment programming.
  • Stimulus selection within these software packages often employs 'random without replacement' (RWoR) methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate how RWoR deviates from true random selection.
  • To identify and detail the selection biases introduced by RWoR.
  • To show the impact of these biases on experimental behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of RWoR compared to true random selection.
  • Empirical demonstration of selection biases using a simple experimental design.
  • Behavioral observation to assess the influence of RWoR biases.

Main Results:

  • RWoR systematically deviates from random selection, creating predictable patterns.
  • These deviations introduce significant selection biases in stimulus presentation.
  • Demonstrated that unchecked biases can measurably influence participant behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The RWoR method in experimental software can compromise the integrity of psychological research.
  • Researchers must be aware of and mitigate potential biases arising from RWoR.
  • Recommendations are provided to minimize the impact of RWoR biases on experimental performance.