Specificity of MAPK signaling towards FLO11 expression is established by crosstalk from cAMP pathway

In budding yeast, elements of a single MAP Kinase cascade are shared to regulate a wide range of functions such as mating, differentiation and osmotic stress. However, cells have programmed to execute correct event in response to a given input signal without cross activating other responses. Studies have observed that magnitude and duration of MAPK activation encodes specificity. Similarly, the differential regulation of Tec1p, a transcriptional activator of invasive growth gene, FLO11 by MAP kinases has been observed to bring specificity in mating and invasive growth signaling. However, the understanding of interactions between the shared components and other signaling pathways related to the phenotypic response in contributing towards specificity remains unclear. We specifically address the crosstalk of cAMP pathway with MAPK pathway in haploid invasive growth and show the contribution and importance of cAMP pathway towards invasive growth irrespective of the activation status of MAPK pathway. Our analysis shows that crosstalk from cAMP pathway in haploids might offer an advantage in terms of amplifying the observed weak signaling through MAPK pathway. Further, we show that such a crosstalk in haploids leads to higher FLO11 expression than diploids. We also demonstrate the positive and negative role of Tpk1 and Tpk3 in haploid invasive growth. Finally, we observe that a cross-inhibition at gene level brought about by cAMP pathway controlled inhibitor, Sfl1, perhaps help in deamplifying the MAPK signal and also in preventing FLO11 expression in the absence of cAMP pathway activation.