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Related Concept Videos

Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

Toxicokinetics: Overview

Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...
Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
Effects of Chemicals: Overview01:27

Effects of Chemicals: Overview

Drugs, encompassing various chemical compounds from natural sources, lab synthesis, or genetic engineering, elicit different biological responses in living organisms. Some of these responses are desirable or therapeutic, while others are undesirable. The primary goal of administering a drug is to achieve a therapeutic effect, that is, to address a specific disease or health condition. Any concurrent effects outside of this therapeutic outcome are considered undesirable. These undesirable...
Antidotes01:17

Antidotes

Antidotes are medicinal substances used to counteract the harmful effects of toxins or drugs in the body. They function in various ways, each uniquely designed to combat specific toxic compounds.
Specific antidotes operate by inhibiting the enzymes that control biochemical pathways, reducing the production of harmful metabolites.
An example of an antidote is atropine, which counteracts the detrimental effects of cholinesterase inhibitors. It achieves this by deactivating muscarinic receptors,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents (HPHC)
11:38

High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents (HPHC)

Published on: May 10, 2016

SuperToxic: a comprehensive database of toxic compounds.

Ulrike Schmidt1, Swantje Struck, Bjoern Gruening

  • 1Structural Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany.

Nucleic Acids Research
|November 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The SuperToxic database compiles 60,000 toxic compounds and their structures, classified by toxicity using millions of measurements. This resource aids in assessing unknown substances and understanding biological interactions for predictive toxicology.

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents (HPHC)
11:38

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Published on: May 10, 2016

Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analytical Methods
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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Everyday life involves exposure to natural and artificial toxic substances.
  • Toxic compounds have potential applications in medicine and discovery.
  • Predictive toxicology requires thorough investigation of known toxins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a comprehensive database of toxic compounds.
  • To facilitate the assessment of unknown substances.
  • To enable identification of molecular targets and pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Collected toxic compounds from literature and web sources.
  • Compiled approximately 60,000 compounds and their structures.
  • Classified toxicity based on over 2 million measurements.

Main Results:

  • Developed the SuperToxic database with extensive toxicological data.
  • Implemented search options including name, CASRN, molecular weight, and toxicity values.
  • Integrated similarity searches and links to external databases (PDB, UniProt, KEGG).

Conclusions:

  • SuperToxic serves as a valuable resource for toxicological research.
  • The database aids in understanding biological interactions and pathways.
  • Facilitates predictive toxicology by providing data on known toxic compounds.