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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Individual and gender differences matter in preterm infant state development.

Shuyuann Wang Foreman¹, Karen A Thomas, Susan T Blackburn

¹Department of Family and Child Nursing and Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7266, USA. yuann@u.washington.edu

Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing : JOGNN

|November 18, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Preterm infants primarily exhibit active sleep, with developmental changes in sleep-wake states observed over time. Gender significantly influences these states, with males showing distinct patterns compared to females.

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Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

Published on: February 18, 2012

Area of Science:

Neonatal development
Sleep science
Pediatric neurology

Background:

Understanding the neurodevelopmental trajectory of preterm infants is crucial for optimizing care.
Sleep-wake state organization is a key indicator of neurological maturation in neonates.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the developmental changes in sleep-wake states of hospitalized preterm infants.
To examine the influence of infant characteristics, specifically gender, on state development.

Main Methods:

Secondary analysis of video recordings from a study involving 97 preterm infants.
Sleep-wake states were coded at 15-second intervals during 4-hour interfeeding periods.
Data analyzed for developmental trends and gender-based differences.

Main Results:

Active sleep was the predominant state throughout the observed postmenstrual ages.
Preterm infants showed a trend towards increased quiet sleep, drowsiness, and wakefulness with age.
Significant gender differences were observed, with males exhibiting less active sleep and more drowsy/awake states than females.

Conclusions:

The high proportion of active sleep reflects the brain's maturational level in preterm infants.
Individual variations in state organization are influenced by both internal and external factors.
Observed gender differences highlight a potential source of variability in preterm infant development.