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Related Concept Videos

Transcription01:17

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription01:17

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...

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Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms
09:30

Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms

Published on: September 13, 2018

Transcript versus transcription?

Shinwa Shibata1, Anton Wutz

  • 1Frontier Science Organization, Kanazawa University, Institute for Experimental Animals, Kanazawa University Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.

Epigenetics
|November 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antisense genes regulate gene expression, notably in X-chromosome inactivation. The Tsix gene controls Xist, preventing X-chromosome inactivation through chromatin modification and RNA interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Sense-antisense gene pairs are common across organisms.
  • Antisense genes are crucial for mammalian imprinting and gene regulation.
  • Reciprocal regulation between sense and antisense partners is typical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on antisense-mediated gene regulation.
  • To explore models of antisense regulation in X-chromosome inactivation.
  • To elucidate the role of Tsix in regulating Xist.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental data on Xist and Tsix.
  • Analysis of RNA duplex formation and small RNA processing.
  • Investigation of chromatin structure modifications at the Xist promoter.

Main Results:

  • Tsix negatively regulates Xist, protecting one X-chromosome from inactivation.
  • Tsix influences chromatin structure via histone modifications and DNA methylation.
  • Xist and Tsix RNAs form duplexes and are processed into small RNAs with regulatory potential.

Conclusions:

  • Antisense gene regulation, particularly by Tsix, is central to X-chromosome inactivation.
  • Mechanisms involve chromatin remodeling and RNA-based interactions.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand these complex regulatory pathways.