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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Monitoring Blood Glucose in Mouse Offspring After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
06:11

Monitoring Blood Glucose in Mouse Offspring After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Published on: May 17, 2024

Gestational diabetes mellitus.

Amanda Bird Hoffert Gilmartin1, Serdar H Ural, John T Repke

  • 1Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State College of Medicine Hershey, PA.

Reviews in Obstetrics & Gynecology
|November 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) impacts 2-5% of pregnancies, linked to higher birth weight and neonatal risks. Management focuses on glycemic control, with insulin therapy considered when diet is insufficient.

Keywords:
Gestational diabetes mellitusGlycemic controlHyperglycemiaInsulinPlasma glucose

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Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)
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Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

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Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)
08:13

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Published on: January 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Perinatology

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 2-5% of pregnancies.
  • Elevated plasma glucose in GDM correlates with macrosomia, high C-peptide levels, cesarean delivery, and neonatal hypoglycemia.
  • Key risk factors include maternal obesity, family history of diabetes, and prior macrosomia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the associations between GDM and adverse perinatal outcomes.
  • To discuss current screening controversies and management strategies.
  • To highlight the importance of glycemic control and timely interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of GDM screening, risk factors, and management.
  • Analysis of data linking plasma glucose levels to perinatal outcomes.
  • Synthesis of current guidelines on nutritional intake and insulin therapy.

Main Results:

  • Increasing plasma glucose levels are associated with increased fetal birth weight and cord blood C-peptide levels.
  • GDM is linked to a higher incidence of cesarean deliveries and neonatal hypoglycemia.
  • Conservative management guidelines aim to minimize risks associated with macrosomia.

Conclusions:

  • Effective glycemic control is paramount in managing GDM.
  • Nutritional support and, if necessary, insulin therapy are crucial for optimal outcomes.
  • Pregnancies with GDM should ideally be managed to avoid post-term delivery.