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Hepatitis

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Specific cellular immune response in hepatitis E patients.

Ting Wu¹, Jun Zhang, Zhi-Jun Su

¹National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.

|November 20, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection triggers a specific T cell response in patients, peaking during acute illness and declining with recovery. This cellular immunity, alongside IgM antibodies, plays a role in acute hepatitis E pathogenesis and resolution.

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Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

Published on: October 20, 2021

Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Hepatology

Background:

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a significant global health concern, particularly in developing countries.
Understanding the host immune response is crucial for managing acute hepatitis E (HE).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the specific T cell response and IgM anti-HEV antibodies in patients with acute HE.
To correlate cellular immunity with disease progression and recovery.

Main Methods:

Weekly blood sample collection from 11 acute HE patients.
Assay of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for T cell response using ELISPOT.
Measurement of IgM anti-HEV antibodies via ELISA.

Main Results:

HEV capsid protein (HEV 239) effectively stimulated T cells in HE patients (types 1 and 4).
A surge in HEV-specific cellular immune response was observed during acute HE.
This immune response diminished as IgM antibody titers decreased and liver function normalized.

Conclusions:

HEV open reading frame 2 amino acids 368-606 stimulate HEV-specific T cell response in vitro.
The HEV-specific T cell response decreases during convalescence.
Cellular immunity likely contributes to the pathogenesis and recovery from acute HE.