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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
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Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria

Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria

Coryneform bacteria are gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile rods that exhibit irregular, club-shaped, or V-shaped arrangements. Their V-shape results from snapping division, where the inner cell wall layer forms the cross-wall, while the outer layer remains intact until it ruptures on one side, causing the daughter cells to bend away.The primary genera are Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter. Corynebacterium includes diverse species, ranging from saprophytes to pathogens like Corynebacterium...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

DNA Fingerprinting of Mycobacterium leprae Strains Using Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) - Fragment Length Analysis (FLA)

DNA Fingerprinting of Mycobacterium leprae Strains Using Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) - Fragment Length Analysis (FLA)

Published on: July 15, 2011

A new Mycobacterium species causing diffuse lepromatous leprosy.

Xiang Y Han¹, Yiel-Hea Seo, Kurt C Sizer

¹Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology

|November 21, 2008

Summary

A novel Mycobacterium species, Mycobacterium lepromatosis, was discovered in leprosy patients. This finding may explain the varying clinical presentations of leprosy worldwide.

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Identification of Mycobacterium Species by DNA Microarray Chip Method

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

DNA Fingerprinting of Mycobacterium leprae Strains Using Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) - Fragment Length Analysis (FLA)

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Optimized Protocols for Mycobacterium leprae Strain Management: Frozen Stock Preservation and Maintenance in Athymic Nude Mice

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Identification of Mycobacterium Species by DNA Microarray Chip Method

Identification of Mycobacterium Species by DNA Microarray Chip Method

Published on: June 24, 2025

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Genetics
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, but its clonal genetic nature poorly explains disease variability.
Diffuse lepromatous leprosy (DLL) presents unique clinicopathologic features.

Observation:

A new Mycobacterium species was identified in two patients with DLL.
The organism was isolated from liver and skin tissues using DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction.

Findings:

Genetic analysis revealed significant differences between the new species and M. leprae.
A 2.1% divergence in the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and 6-14% mismatches in other genes were observed.
Phylogenetic analyses suggest the new species evolved from a distinct ancestral mycobacterium.

Implications:

The discovery of Mycobacterium lepromatosis sp nov. may account for the clinical and geographic variability of leprosy.
This finding has potential implications for leprosy research and diagnostic strategies.