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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Multiplexing Focused Ultrasound Stimulation with Fluorescence Microscopy
08:39

Multiplexing Focused Ultrasound Stimulation with Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: January 7, 2019

Ultrasound-modulated optical microscopy.

Sri-Rajasekhar Kothapalli1, Lihong V Wang

  • 1Washington University at St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.

Journal of Biomedical Optics
|November 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microscopic imaging is now feasible in ultrasound-modulated optical tomography (UOT) for soft tissues. Higher ultrasound frequencies reduce image quality, but high resolution is achievable at shallow depths.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Medical Imaging
  • Acousto-Optics

Background:

  • Ultrasound-modulated optical tomography (UOT) combines ultrasound and light for deep tissue imaging.
  • Achieving microscopic resolution in UOT of biological tissues remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the feasibility of microscopic imaging in UOT of soft biological tissues.
  • To evaluate the impact of high-frequency ultrasound on UOT performance.
  • To compare different high-frequency transducers for UOT applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a high-frequency focused ultrasound transducer (75 MHz) for UOT.
  • Employed a scanning confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer (CFPI) for real-time detection of modulated light.
  • Conducted experiments on tissue-mimicking phantoms and biological tissues at varying depths.

Main Results:

  • Achieved axial resolution < 30 microm and lateral resolution of 38 microm at 2 mm depth.
  • Observed decreased modulation depth and image contrast with increasing ultrasound frequency (15-75 MHz).
  • Analytical calculations confirmed modulation depth decreases with higher ultrasound frequencies.

Conclusions:

  • Microscopic imaging is feasible in UOT of soft tissues using high-frequency ultrasound.
  • Lower ultrasound frequencies (e.g., 15 MHz) yield better modulation depth and contrast.
  • Transducer frequency selection is critical for optimizing UOT performance based on imaging depth and contrast requirements.