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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Widespread cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia: the FBIRN imaging consortium.

Steven G Potkin¹, Judith M Ford

¹Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA. sgpotkin@uci.edu

Schizophrenia Bulletin

|November 22, 2008

Summary

Functional brain imaging in schizophrenia reveals cortical inefficiency and abnormal auditory cortex activation during memory and detection tasks. These findings highlight altered neural circuitry in patients, particularly those experiencing hallucinations.

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Published on: December 2, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Biomedical Informatics

Background:

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by cognitive deficits and altered brain function.
Previous neuroimaging studies have yielded inconsistent findings, potentially due to small sample sizes and limited demographic diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

To present findings from a multi-site neuroimaging consortium (Functional Imaging Biomedical Informatics Research Network - FBIRN) using a large, diverse patient sample.
To investigate functional and anatomical brain differences between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls during cognitive tasks and at rest.

Main Methods:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected from approximately 125 patients with schizophrenia and 125 healthy controls.
Studies involved memory retrieval and encoding tasks, auditory target detection, and resting-state fMRI.
Anatomical MRI and genetic analyses were also performed.

Main Results:

Patients with schizophrenia exhibited cortical inefficiency during memory retrieval and altered neural activation patterns compared to controls.
Abnormal activation in auditory and parietal cortices was observed, particularly in patients who experience hallucinations.
Differences in brain connectivity and anatomical variations were identified between patient and control groups.
Six genes influencing dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation were linked to schizophrenia, with roles in forebrain development and stress response.

Conclusions:

Multi-site neuroimaging efforts, like FBIRN, enable the study of larger, more diverse patient populations, yielding more robust findings.
Abnormal neural circuitry in auditory and memory-related brain regions is a characteristic feature of schizophrenia.
Specific patterns of reduced left auditory cortical activation are associated with auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia.