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Perioperative nutritional support.

L M Ellis1, E M Copeland, W W Souba

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|June 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Perioperative nutritional support for malnourished patients undergoing surgery can reduce complications. Enteral nutrition is preferred for those with a functional gut, while parenteral nutrition is used when the gut is inaccessible.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Nutrition
  • Surgical Nutrition
  • Medical Nutrition Therapy

Background:

  • Malnourished patients face increased morbidity and mortality risks during major surgery.
  • Perioperative nutritional support is crucial for improving outcomes in these patients.
  • The gastrointestinal tract is the preferred route for nutritional support when feasible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role and methods of perioperative nutritional support in malnourished surgical patients.
  • To outline recommendations for preoperative and postoperative nutritional interventions.
  • To discuss the limitations of current nutritional formulas and future directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on perioperative nutritional support in surgical patients.

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  • Analysis of different nutritional support modalities: enteral nutrition and total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
  • Evaluation of nutritional indices and their correlation with perioperative outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Enteral nutrition is recommended preoperatively for patients with a functional gastrointestinal tract unable to eat.
    • Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is indicated when the gastrointestinal tract is not usable.
    • Postoperative enteral feeding is advised for malnourished patients with a functional gut; TPN is reserved for nonfunctional guts or complications.
    • The relationship between improved nutritional indices and reduced morbidity requires further clarification.

    Conclusions:

    • Optimizing perioperative nutrition, prioritizing enteral routes, is essential for improving surgical outcomes in malnourished patients.
    • Further research is needed to refine nutritional formulas and understand the long-term impact of specific nutrients and growth factors.
    • Individualized nutritional strategies are key to successful perioperative management.