Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.

Associative Learning

Associative Learning

Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...

Visual Agnosia

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.

Vectors in Space: Problem Solving

Vectors in Space: Problem Solving

A chandelier suspended by multiple cables can be analyzed using principles of three-dimensional static equilibrium. In this setup, a chandelier weighing 1000 N is positioned at the origin of a three-dimensional coordinate system, while three ceiling anchor points are fixed at known locations above it. Each cable connects the chandelier to one anchor point and transmits a tensile force along its length.To find out the forces in the cables, the spatial direction of each cable must first be...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Inter-subject correlations and their behavioral associations vary across movies: Implications for generalizability.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

The frustration of a small <i>n</i>.

Perception·2026

Same author

Improving Emotion Control in Social Anxiety by Targeting Rhythmic Brain Circuits.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026

Same author

Gait Adaptability Training Improves Gait in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Patients.

Movement disorders clinical practice·2026

Same author

Introducing Philosophy Corner.

Perception·2025

Same author

There is a power law of joint communicative effort and it reflects communicative work.

Cognition·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

Published on: October 27, 2016

Spatial representation of overlearned arbitrary visuomotor associations.

Meike J Grol¹, Ivan Toni, Mireille Lock

¹Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. m.j.grol@lumc.nl

Experimental Brain Research

|December 3, 2008

Summary

Overlearned arbitrary visuomotor mappings rely on spatial representations, not specific finger movements. This suggests the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) involvement reflects a shift towards location-based responses.

More Related Videos

An Open-Source Virtual Reality System for the Measurement of Spatial Learning in Head-Restrained Mice

An Open-Source Virtual Reality System for the Measurement of Spatial Learning in Head-Restrained Mice

Published on: March 3, 2023

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

Published on: October 27, 2016

An Open-Source Virtual Reality System for the Measurement of Spatial Learning in Head-Restrained Mice

An Open-Source Virtual Reality System for the Measurement of Spatial Learning in Head-Restrained Mice

Published on: March 3, 2023

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Motor Control

Background:

Visuomotor control can be spatial or rule-based.
Overlearned arbitrary visuomotor mappings involve fronto-striatal circuits and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC).
The PPC's role in multiple reference frames raises questions about spatial vs. non-spatial representations in overlearned mappings.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the nature of movement representations in overlearned arbitrary visuomotor mappings.
To determine if these mappings are spatial or effector-specific.
To assess how performance changes with effector manipulation.

Main Methods:

Subjects trained extensively on arbitrary visuomotor associations.
Performance was tested in novel settings varying spatial or motor configurations.
Interference was measured based on spatial vs. motor changes.

Main Results:

Spatial configuration changes caused greater performance interference than motor configuration changes.
This indicates visual stimuli became linked to locations, not directly to finger movements.
Overlearned arbitrary visuomotor associations are represented in effector-independent spatial coordinates.

Conclusions:

Arbitrary visuomotor mappings, once overlearned, are represented spatially.
The PPC's involvement may reflect a transition to stimulus-location-response mappings.
This challenges purely non-spatial or effector-specific accounts of overlearned visuomotor behavior.