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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology01:18

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology

Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange and oxygen delivery. It may be cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, but both reduce oxygenation and lung compliance.Cardiogenic Pulmonary EdemaCardiogenic edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, usually due to left ventricular dysfunction from myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valvular disease. Ineffective cardiac pumping causes blood to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
07:44

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism

Published on: September 6, 2024

[Pulmonary embolism].

Andreas Walther1, Bernd W Böttiger

  • 1Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland. Andreas_Walther@med.uni-heidelberg.de

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|December 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) requires early diagnosis due to non-specific symptoms. Treatment varies based on patient stability, with anticoagulation for stable cases and interventions for unstable patients.

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Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots
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Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots

Published on: October 25, 2024

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
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A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism

Published on: September 6, 2024

Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots
08:02

Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots

Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) affects 1-1.5 per 1,000 citizens annually in Western nations.
  • Early diagnosis of PE is crucial for patient prognosis.
  • Clinical presentations of PE are diverse and often non-specific.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for pulmonary embolism.
  • To differentiate management approaches for stable versus unstable patients.
  • To highlight key diagnostic tools and interventions for PE.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic algorithms for PE.
  • Assessment of hemodynamic criteria for patient stability.
  • Evaluation of echocardiography's role in unstable patients.
  • Analysis of therapeutic goals and interventions.

Main Results:

  • Frequent symptoms include dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, and chest pain.
  • Diagnostic procedures differ significantly between stable and unstable patients.
  • Echocardiography is vital for diagnosing PE in hemodynamically unstable individuals.
  • Anticoagulation is the primary treatment for stable patients (Risk Class I).

Conclusions:

  • Timely diagnosis and risk stratification are essential for effective PE management.
  • Treatment strategies must be tailored to patient hemodynamic stability.
  • Interventions like thrombolysis and embolectomy are reserved for hemodynamically unstable patients.