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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

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Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Dimensional caging of polyiodides.

Per H Svensson1, Mikhail Gorlov, Lars Kloo

  • 1Inorganic Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.

Inorganic Chemistry
|December 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized novel iodide and polyiodide chain structures using crystal engineering. The ability to incorporate polyiodide ions depends on the length of hydrocarbon chains in polycation structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Polycationic compounds with long hydrocarbon chains are known.
  • Secondary interactions play a role in crystal structure formation.
  • Iodide and polyiodide structures are of interest for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize new iodide and polyiodide chain structures.
  • To investigate the role of hydrocarbon chain length in polycationic structures.
  • To demonstrate a simple crystal engineering strategy for creating these compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of two series of compounds utilizing secondary interactions.
  • Employing long-chain hydrocarbon cations as building blocks.
  • Characterization of the resulting iodide and polyiodide chain structures.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of two related series of iodide and polyiodide chain structures.
  • Demonstrated a correlation between hydrocarbon chain length and polyiodide ion incorporation.
  • Established a straightforward crystal engineering approach.

Conclusions:

  • The length of hydrocarbon chains in polycations influences the incorporation of polyiodide ions.
  • This work provides a simple and effective method for crystal engineering of such materials.
  • The synthesized compounds offer potential for further research in materials science.