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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
What is the Skeletal System?01:02

What is the Skeletal System?

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
06:17

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

Modulation of osteoclast function in bone by the immune system.

Julian M W Quinn1, Hasnawati Saleh

  • 1St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia. julian.quinn@princehenrys.org

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
|December 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Immune cells, particularly T cells, significantly influence bone metabolism and osteoclast activity. Therapies targeting immune responses may offer new strategies for managing bone diseases and osteolysis.

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Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes
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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
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Published on: November 6, 2014

Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes
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Published on: January 27, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Bone Biology
  • Cellular Signaling

Background:

  • Osteoclast differentiation and function are regulated by immune system cytokines.
  • Immune cells, especially T cells, can influence bone metabolism through various factors.
  • The interplay between immune responses and bone remodeling is a critical area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the significant scope for immune cell influence on osteoclasts and bone metabolism.
  • To highlight the dual role of T cell-derived factors in osteoclast formation and activity.
  • To investigate how immune system modulation could impact osteolysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on immune cell interactions with bone metabolism.
  • Analysis of cytokine roles (e.g., IL-12, IL-18, IL-23) in osteoclastogenesis and bone mass.
  • Examination of cellular and microenvironmental contexts influencing immune-mediated bone effects.

Main Results:

  • T cells produce factors with either pro-osteolytic or anti-osteolytic actions.
  • Certain cytokines like IL-12 and IL-18, while involved in inflammation, can block osteoclast formation via T cells.
  • Interleukin-23 (IL-23) plays a role in physiological bone mass regulation, as evidenced by studies in mice.

Conclusions:

  • Immune system investigations reveal crucial insights into bone metabolism.
  • Targeting immune responses presents a promising therapeutic avenue for conditions involving osteolysis.
  • Understanding the immune-bone axis is vital for both systems' functioning and potential therapeutic interventions.