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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Methods for Facilitating Microbial Growth on Pulp Mill Waste Streams and Characterization of the Biodegradation Potential of Cultured Microbes

Methods for Facilitating Microbial Growth on Pulp Mill Waste Streams and Characterization of the Biodegradation Potential of Cultured Microbes

Published on: December 12, 2013

Sonication of pulp and paper effluent.

Lawton E Shaw¹, Dana Lee

¹Centre for Science, Athabasca University, 1 University Drive, Athabasca, AB, Canada T9S 3A3. lawtons@athabascau.ca

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

|December 9, 2008

Summary

Power ultrasound effectively reduced color and turbidity in pulp and paper mill effluent. However, it did not significantly decrease chemical oxygen demand (COD) due to interfering inorganic ions like bicarbonate and sulfate.

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Chemical Engineering
Water Treatment Technologies

Background:

Pulp and paper kraft mill effluent poses environmental challenges due to its color, turbidity, and organic load.
Conventional treatment methods may not always be sufficient for complete effluent remediation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the efficacy of power ultrasound at 357 kHz in reducing color, turbidity, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of pulp and paper mill effluent.
To elucidate the impact of major inorganic ions on the efficiency of ultrasound-assisted organic pollutant oxidation.

Main Methods:

Exposure of final effluent to power ultrasound (357 kHz).
Spectrophotometric analysis of absorbance to assess changes in aromatic chromophores.
Measurement of turbidity.

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Sonication of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) solutions with varying concentrations of chloride, bicarbonate, and sulfate ions to evaluate COD reduction.

Main Results:

Ultrasound treatment resulted in significant bleaching of the effluent at wavelengths above 250 nm, indicating the degradation of aromatic compounds.
A notable decrease in effluent turbidity was observed.
No significant reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) was detected, attributed to the scavenging effect of bicarbonate and sulfate ions on hydroxyl radicals.

Conclusions:

Power ultrasound is effective in decolorizing and reducing turbidity in pulp and paper mill effluent.
The presence of bicarbonate and sulfate ions significantly inhibits the ultrasound-induced oxidation of organic pollutants, preventing COD reduction.
Further research is needed to overcome the limitations imposed by inorganic ions for effective COD removal using sonolysis.