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Related Concept Videos

Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design01:28

Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design

Drug design is a dynamic field that involves discovering and developing new medications based on specific biological targets. This process heavily relies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to guide the design and optimization of efficient drugs.
SAR studies the intricate relationship between a drug's chemical structure and biological activity. It focuses on understanding how modifications to a drug's structure can influence its...
Principles of Drug Action01:24

Principles of Drug Action

Drugs are chemical substances that modify biological responses by interacting with macromolecular targets such as receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes. Pharmacodynamics describes the course of action of drugs leading to the physiological effect at a specific site in the body.
Drugs can be agonists or antagonists. Like the endogenous ligands, agonists always bind and activate the target to produce a cellular response. Agonist binding induces a conformational change which in turn...
Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Drug Products: Biologics, Biosimilars and Interchangeables01:28

Drug Products: Biologics, Biosimilars and Interchangeables

Biologics, derived from living sources such as humans, animals, or microorganisms, represent a significant category of pharmaceuticals. These complex molecules, developed through advanced biotechnological methods or purified from natural sources, include essential medical treatments like insulin and growth hormones. The complexity of biologics arises from their large molecular structures and the intricate processes required for their production, making them distinct from conventional...
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Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Pipeline to Investigate the Structures and Signaling Pathways of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors
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How close are we to having structure-modifying drugs available?

David J Hunter1, Marie-Pierre Hellio Le Graverand-Gastineau

  • 1Division of Research, New England Baptist Hospital, 125 Parker Hill Avenue, Boston, MA 02120, USA. djhunter@caregroup.harvard.edu

The Medical Clinics of North America
|December 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This review explores disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs), assessing their potential to prevent, slow, halt, or reverse osteoarthritis progression. It examines current evidence and challenges in developing effective DMOADs for meaningful clinical impact.

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Published on: December 22, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Osteoarthritis research
  • Pharmacology
  • Drug development

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with limited treatment options.
  • Current OA treatments primarily manage symptoms, not disease progression.
  • The development of disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) is a critical unmet need.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of DMOADs in OA.
  • To differentiate between preventing, retarding, stopping, and reversing OA.
  • To assess the clinical meaningfulness of potential OA modifications.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Discussion of evidence for disease modification in OA.
  • Consideration of cartilage as a therapeutic target.
  • Analysis of methodological challenges in DMOAD clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • The potential for DMOADs to modify OA progression is under investigation.
  • Evidence for current agents to significantly alter OA course is limited.
  • Cartilage is a primary focus, but its suitability as the sole target requires evaluation.
  • Clinical trial methodologies present significant obstacles to demonstrating DMOAD efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Developing effective DMOADs is complex and challenging.
  • Further research is needed to identify appropriate targets and robust trial designs.
  • The field of DMOAD development is rapidly evolving, requiring careful consideration of the path forward.