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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

Published on: April 6, 2017

Emerging pharmacotherapies for COPD.

Peter J Barnes¹

¹National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.

|December 9, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Current COPD treatments focus on bronchodilators, but new therapies targeting inflammation and immune cell recruitment show promise. Reversing corticosteroid resistance via histone deacetylase-2 activation is a key future direction for COPD management.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

Published on: April 6, 2017

Area of Science:

Pulmonary Medicine
Pharmacology
Inflammation Research

Background:

Current treatments for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) primarily rely on long-acting bronchodilators.
Existing therapies have not demonstrated efficacy in halting COPD progression or suppressing underlying inflammation.
Advances in understanding COPD pathophysiology have revealed new therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current and emerging therapeutic strategies for COPD.
To explore novel targets and drug classes for managing COPD pathophysiology.
To identify potential approaches for overcoming treatment resistance in COPD.

Main Methods:

Review of current drug therapies, including inhaled beta(2)-agonists and muscarinic antagonists.
Analysis of emerging therapeutic targets based on inflammatory and destructive processes in COPD.
Evaluation of novel drug classes such as CXC receptor 2 antagonists and broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory agents.

Main Results:

While some mediator antagonists have yielded disappointing results, CXC receptor 2 antagonists show potential for blocking neutrophil and monocyte recruitment.
Broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory drugs targeting phosphodiesterase 4, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor-kappaB, and phosphoinositide-3-kinase-gamma may offer benefits, but side effects necessitate inhaled delivery.
Reversing corticosteroid resistance by increasing histone deacetylase-2 activity is a highly promising strategy, potentially achievable with theophylline-like drugs, antioxidants, and nonantibiotic macrolides.

Conclusions:

Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to address the inflammatory and destructive nature of COPD beyond current bronchodilator therapy.
Targeting immune cell recruitment and inflammation pathways presents promising avenues for future COPD treatments.
Enhancing histone deacetylase-2 activity to overcome corticosteroid resistance represents a significant potential advancement in COPD management.